Separation anxiety is a common emotional and behavioural disorder affecting children and teenagers. It's characterised by excessive fear, distress, and avoidance of separation from a primary caregiver or attachment figure. It can manifest in various ways, such as refusing to go to school, clinging to parents, having nightmares about separation, or experiencing physical symptoms such as headaches or stomachaches when separation is imminent.
While some separation anxiety is normal in young children, as they are still developing a sense of trust and security in their environment, excessive separation anxiety can significantly impact a child's or teenager's daily life and development. For example, it can interfere with their ability to attend school or socialise with peers, and can also affect their relationships with family members and caregivers.
Symptoms of separation anxiety
- Extreme anxiety before impending separation
- Extreme worry and anxiety during the separation including restlessness and crying
- Excessive worrying about the caregivers’ health and safety
- Fixation on thoughts of accidents or death during separation
- Difficulties sleeping far from a caregiver (sleepovers and school trips may be unmanageable)
- Nightmares based on the theme of separation
- Reluctance or refusal to attend school
- Somatic responses such as headaches, stomach aches and vomiting
How can I help my child with separation anxiety?
Parents and caregivers should seek professional help if they suspect their child or teenager may be experiencing excessive separation anxiety. A mental health professional, such as a child psychologist or psychiatrist, can help to assess the severity of the anxiety and determine an appropriate course of treatment.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is a common and effective treatment approach for separation anxiety. This type of therapy aims to help children and teenagers identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviours contributing to their anxiety. It may include teaching relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or progressive muscle relaxation, and gradually exposing the child or teenager to situations that trigger their separation anxiety in a safe and controlled environment.
In some instances, medication, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can help reduce anxiety symptoms. However, medication should always be used in conjunction with therapy, and should be prescribed by a mental health professional.