Types of ADHD medication and how they work
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by signs such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Managing ADHD can improve daily functioning and overall quality of life. One of the primary methods of management is through medication.
ADHD medication can alleviate the challenges associated with the condition by targeting specific neurotransmitters in the brain. These medications aim to restore balance and improve cognitive functioning.
The process of finding the right ADHD medication can vary from person to person. Everyone may respond differently to various types of medication. However, with patience and guidance from healthcare professionals, people can often find a medication that addresses their concerns.
Table of contents
- How does ADHD medication work?
- Types of ADHD medication
- How is ADHD medication taken?
- Other methods to manage ADHD
- Taking the first step towards an ADHD diagnosis
How does ADHD medication work?
ADHD medication works by targeting certain chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. These chemicals help brain cells communicate. The main neurotransmitters involved are dopamine and norepinephrine.
ADHD medications don't cure the condition, but they can significantly reduce challenges. This makes it easier to manage daily tasks, and allows patients to improve their quality of life.
Dopamine
Dopamine affects attention, focus, and motivation. Some medications increase dopamine levels. This helps to improve attention span, reduce impulsivity, and increase self-control.
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine is another important chemical for attention and stress response. Certain medications focus on increasing norepinephrine levels, which can enhance attention and impulse control. This works well for those who don't respond well to other medications.
Read our full guide to how ADHD is managed.
Types of ADHD medication
The types of ADHD medication usually used to manage ADHD include:
Stimulants
Stimulant medications are the most widely recognised option for ADHD. They work by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This leads to improved focus, attention, and impulse control.
Non-stimulants
Non-stimulants are typically used when a patient does not respond well to stimulants. These medications primarily target norepinephrine levels in the brain. This helps to enhance attention and impulse control.
How is ADHD medication taken?
ADHD medication is typically taken orally. It tends to be prescribed in the form of tablets or capsules.
The specific dosage and administration instructions depend on the type of medication prescribed and individual factors such as age, weight, and response to treatment.
Both stimulants and non-stimulants are usually taken once or twice daily. Stimulants can mostly be taken with or without food, while non-stimulants are often taken alongside a meal.
Other methods to manage ADHD
ADHD is most effectively managed through a multifaceted approach. Although medication works well, it is recommended to pursue other forms of treatment at the same time.
Therapy
Therapy, such as behavioural therapy or cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), can help people with ADHD. This is done by developing coping strategies, improving organisational skills, and addressing emotional challenges.
Educational programmes
Educational programmes can provide valuable support for academic success. These programmes may involve specialised tutoring, accommodations in the classroom, and strategies for improving focus and concentration during learning activities.
Social skills training
People with ADHD may benefit from learning specific social skills. These skills could include active listening, conflict resolution, and empathy. Social skills training can help improve peer relationships, reduce social isolation, and increase overall well-being.
Taking the first step towards an ADHD diagnosis
Take the first step towards understanding ADHD by exploring ADHD assessment options.
If you would like to get in touch to learn more about an ADHD assessment, you can request a free confidential call back from one of our trained assistant psychologists.
Clinically reviewed
- Amy Mowson